The encounter with skepticism led Ghazali to embrace a form of theological occasionalism, or the belief that all causal events and interactions are not the product of material conjunctions but rather the immediate and present will of God. ![]() His 11th century book titled The Incoherence of the Philosophers marks a major turn in Islamic epistemology. Ghazali wrote more than 70 books on the sciences, Islamic philosophy and Sufism. The orthodox theologians still went their own way, and so did the mystics, but both developed a sense of mutual appreciation which ensured that no sweeping condemnation could be made by one for the practices of the other. Besides his work that successfully changed the course of Islamic philosophy-the early Islamic Neoplatonism developed on the grounds of Hellenistic philosophy, for example, was so successfully refuted by Ghazali that it never recovered-he also brought the orthodox Islam of his time in close contact with Sufism. Others have cited his movement from science to faith as a detriment to Islamic scientific progress. Ghazali has sometimes been referred to by historians as the single most influential Muslim after the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ![]() ![]() Abu Hamed Mohammad ibn Mohammad al-Ghazzali (1058–1111 C.E.) (Persian: ابو حامد محمد ابن محمد الغزالی), known as Al-Ghazali or Algazel to the western medieval world, born and died in Tus, in the Khorasan province of Persia (modern day Iran) was a Persian Muslim theologian, jurist, philosopher, and mystic.
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